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1 παράβυστος
παρά-βυστος, ον,A stuffed or forced in, of a self-invited guest, Tim.Com.1, cf. Ath.6.257a;ἐκ παραβύστου καθῆσθαι Plu.2.617f
; π. κλίνη a small or supplementary couch, Poll.3.43, Harp., Hsch., Suid.II pushed aside or into a corner: τὸ π. (sc. δικαστήριον), an Athenian law-court lying in an obscure part of the town (where οἱ ἕνδεκα held their sittings, Harp.), Timocl.26, Paus.1.28.8, dub. in Lys.Fr. 322 S.2 metaph., ἐν παραβύστῳ in a hole and corner, D.24.47, Arist.Top. 157a4, Luc.Nec.17, Zos.Alch. p.242 B.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παράβυστος
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2 στενός
A narrow, opp. εὐρύς, πλατύς, Hdt.2.8 ([comp] Sup.), 4.195, al.; ; ;ἐσβολή Hdt.7.175
([comp] Comp.); πόρος ib. 176;ἡ ἔσοδος Th.7.51
; ; ἐν στενῷ, [dialect] Ion. στεινῷ, in a narrow space, A.Pers. 413, Hdt.8.60. β; ποιεῖν τὸν δῆμον εὐρὺν καὶ ς. Ar.Eq. 720;σ. ποδεών Hdt.8.31
; ; πόροι, φλέβες, Ti.Locr.101a, Pl.Ti. 66a; κεφαλή, πόδες, X.Cyn.5.30.2 Subst., τὰ ς. the narrows, straits, of a pass, Hdt.7.223; of a sea, Th.2.86, etc.; of the straits of Gibraltar, Str.3.5.5; so τὸ ς. the strait ([place name] Hellespont), Luc.DMar.9.1;ἐπὶ σ. τῆς ὁδοῦ X.HG7.1.29
; also ἡ στενή a narrow strip of land, Th.2.99; τὰ ς. passes, defiles, Phld.Rh.1.334 S.II metaph., close, confined, ἀπειληθέντες ἐς στεινόν driven into a corner, Hdt.9.34;σ. ζῶμεν χρόνον Men.410
; ;εἰς σ. τοῦ καιροῦ φθείρεσθαι Alciphr.1.24
.2 scanty, petty, Pl.Grg. 497c;ὑποθέσεις Plb.7.7.6
;ἐλπίδες D.H.4.52
;ἐρωτήσεις Philostr.VS2.30
; small-minded, narrow-minded, in Adv. [comp] Comp., PGiss. 40 ii7 (iii A.D.).3 of sound and style, thin, meagre, Arist.Aud. 803b24, Rh. 1413b15; hard to pronounce,συλλαβὴ σ. καὶ δύστομος Phld.Po.2.15
.—Choerob. in Theod.2.76 H., EM 275.50 say that στενός, like κενός, forms the [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. στενότερος, στενότατος, and these forms are explainable from Στενϝότερος, Στενϝότατος, which are implied by the Ionic forms στεινότερος, -ότατος ( στεινότερος occurs in Hdt.1.181, 7.175, [full] στενότερος in IG7.3073.109 (Lebad., ii B.C.), Pl.Phd. 111d, X.Cyr.2.4.3 with v.l.); and στενοτάτου is required by the metre in Scymn.922; the form στενώτερος is however found in Hp.VM22, Arist.PA 675a35, al.III Adv., στενῶς διακεῖσθαι to be in difficulties, PCair.Zen.498 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 760.19 (iii B.C.), D.L.8.86, cf. LXX 1 Ki.13.6. -
3 συνερκτικός
A driving his opponent into a corner, cogent, Ar.Eq. 1378 codd.: Sch., συνείρων τοὺς λόγους, points to [full] συνερτικός (συνείρω 11
).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνερκτικός
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4 κάμπτω
Aκάμψω Il.7.118
, S.OC91: [tense] aor. 1ἔκαμψα Od.5.453
, Pi.P.2.51, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.καμφθήσομαι D.Chr.77.33
, Gal.UP2.15: [tense] aor. , Th.3.58: [tense] pf. inf.κεκάμφθαι Hp.Art.67
, part.κεκαμμένος Arist.Metaph. 1016a12
, ([etym.] ἐπι-, συγ-) Hp.Prog.3, X. Eq.7.2. (Cogn. with Lith. ka[mtilde]p-as 'corner', ku[mtilde]p-as 'curved', and prob. Lat. campus):—bend, curve, ὄφρα ἴτυν κάμψῃ that he may bend it into a chariot-rail, Il.4.486 (so metaph.,κ. νέας ἁψῖδας ἐπῶν Ar.Th.53
): freq. in phrase, γόνυ κ. bend the knee so as to sit down and rest,φημί μιν ἀσπασίως γόνυ κάμψειν Il.7.118
, cf. 19.72; ; οὐ κάμπτων γόνυ, i.e. never resting, A.Pr.32; ἄσμενός τἂν.. κάμψειεν γόνυ ib. 398;ἵζω.. κάμψας γόνυ E.Hec. 1150
; soκ. κῶλα S.OC19
; then κάμπτειν alone, sit down, rest, ib.85, E.Hec. 1080(lyr.); also γόνυ κ. bend the knee in worship, LXXIs.45.23, etc.:—[voice] Pass., bend oneself, opp. ἐκτείνεσθαι, Pl.Ti. 74b; ; ἡ κεκαμμένη (sc. γραμμή ) a bent line, Arist.Metaph.l.c.II turn or guide a horse or chariot round the turning-post (cf.καμπτήρ 11
), κάμψαι διαύλου θάτερον κῶλον πάλιν to double the post and return along the second half of the δίαυλος, A.Ag. 344;κ. δρόμον B. 9.26
; κάμπτοντος ἵππου as the horse was turning, S.El. 744;κ. περὶ νύσσαν Theoc.24.120
: metaph., κ. βίον to make the last turn in the course of life, S.OC91;κ. βίου τέλος E.Hipp.87
, El. 956;ὅταν κάμψῃς καὶ τελευτήσῃς βίον Id.Hel. 1666
; ἑξηκοστὸν ἥλιον κ. Herod.10.1; διὰ λόγου κάμψαι κακά to end evils by reasoning, E.Supp. 748.2 of seamen, double a headland,Ἡρακλέας στήλας Hdt.4.42
; τὸ ἀκρωτήριον, τὴν ἄκρην, Id.4.43, 7.122; , cf. Aeschrio 8.3; Μαλέαν κ. Poet. ap. Str.8.6.20, D.S.13.64, etc.;κ. περὶ ἄκραν Ar.Ach.96
; κ. κόλπον wind round the bay, Hdt.7.58.3 abs., πάλιν κ. turn back, E.Ba. 1225, Rh. 234 (lyr.); ἐγγὺς τῶν ἐμῶν κάμπτεις φρενῶν ( κάμπτῃ codd.) thou comest near my meaning, Id.IT 815.III in Music, κάμπτων με καὶ στρέφων ὅλην διέφθορεν (sc. Phrynis) with his turns and twists, Pherecr.145.15;κ. καμπήν Ar.Nu. 969
;κ. ᾠδάς Philostr.VA4.39
.IV metaph., κάμπτειν τινά bow down, humble, Pi.P.2.51;ὁ Χρόνος μ' ἔκαμψε Crates Theb.17
:—[voice] Pass., to be bent or bowed down, , 308, cf. 513; κάμπτομαι I submit, Pl.Prt. 320b, etc.; ; πολλὰ κάμπτονται καὶ συγκλῶνται are warped, Id.Tht. 173b: abs., to be moved to pity, Th.3.58 (in fullκ. εἰς ἔλεον Lib.Or. 59.85
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5 πρόσκειμαι
A v. κεῖμαι), serving as [voice] Pass. to προστίθημι, to be placed or laid by or upon, lie by or upon, οὔατα προσέκειτο handles were upon it, Il.18.379; τῇ θύρᾳ πρόσκεισο keep close to the door, Ar.V. 142, cf. E.Ph. 739; δοκοὶ τῷ τείχει.. προσκείμεναι lying near the wall, Th.4.112; of places, lie near, be adjacent,τῷ καλῷ ἀκρωτηρίῳ Plb.3.24.2
, etc.; ὁ προσκείμενος [ ἵππος] the inside horse (turning a corner), S.El. 722: metaph., πρόσκειται τὸ κάλλος ( ὁ καλός ap. Stob.)τῷ ἀγαθῷ X.Oec.6.15
.3 of pessaries, to be applied, remain in place, Hp.Nat.Mul. 109, Mul.1.37.II generally, to be involved in or bound up with,εἴ τῳ πρόσκειμαι χρηστῷ S.El. 240
(lyr.); ᾧ σὺ πρόσκεισαι κακῷ ib. 1040; ; cf. infr. 111.2 to be attached or devoted to, τινι Hdt. 6.61;τῷ δήμῳ Th.6.89
, etc.: abs., θεραπεύων π. Id.8.52; devote oneself to the service of a god,τῷ Διονύσῳ D.C.51.25
; π. διάκονος καὶ ἀκόλουθος ἐκείνῳ (sc. τῷ θεῷ) Arr.Epict.4.7.20; also of things, π. τῷ λεγομένῳ put faith in a story, Hdt.4.11; π. οἴνῳ, τῇ φιλοινίῃ, to be addicted to wine, Id.1.133, 3.34; ἄγραις devote oneself to hunting, S.Aj. 407 (lyr.);ταῖς ναυσί Th.1.93
, cf. 8.89;τῇ τοῦ ὄντος ἰδέᾳ Pl.Sph. 254a
;τῇ τοῦ Ὁμήρου ποιήσει Paus.2.21.10
;τοῖς Δημοσθένους λόγοις Aristid.2.315J.
;θειασμῷ Th.7.50
, Plu.Nic.4.3 urge, entreat, solicit,Κύρῳ π. δῶρα πέμπων Hdt.1.123
; π. αὐτῷ ἀξιοῦντες .. X.HG3.4.7: abs., ἐπηκολούθουν κἠντιβόλουν προσκείμενοι with importunity, Ar.Fr. 543; προσκείμενος ἐδίδασκε with zeal, Th.7.18;δεόμενοι προο έκειντο Plu. Per.33
.b in military sense, press hard, pursue closely,ἡ ἵππος προσέκειτο πᾶσα Hdt.9.57
, cf. 40,60;ᾗ μάλιστα αὐτοῖς προσκέοιντο Th.4.33
, etc.; τὸ προσκείμενον the pressure of the enemy, Hdt.9.61; : metaph.,ἀνάγκης ἀεὶ προσκειμένης Pl.Phdr. 240e
: rarely c. acc., (s.v.l.).III to be assigned to, fall to, belong to,τοῖσι θεῶν τιμὴ αὕτη πρόσκειται Hdt.1.118
, cf. 2.83, etc.; τῷ πρόσκειμαι δούλα; E.Tr. 185 (lyr.), cf. Hdt.1.196; of qualities,τὴν ἀβουλίαν ὅσῳ μέγιστον ἀνδρὶ πρόσκειται κακόν S.Ant. 1243
;βραχεῖ λόγῳ δὲ πολλὰ π. σοφά Id.Fr. 102
;ἦ πόλλ' ἀγρώταις σκαιὰ π. φρενί E.Rh. 266
; ; τὸ ῥῆμα πρόσκειται τῇ προτέρᾳ τέρᾳ αἰτιατικῇ belongs to.., A.D.Synt.243.20; to be laid upon as a charge, business, , cf. 1.119;ἐμοὶ τοῦτο π., μηδένα πελάζειν δόμοις E.Hel. 443
;ἄλλῳ δ' ἄλλο π. γέρας, σὲ μὲν μάχεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ βουλεύειν καλῶς Id.Rh. 107
; of punishments,προσκειμένης ζημίας τῷ πωλοῦντι X.Vect.4.21
(sed leg. προκ-).2 to be added or attached to, ἄλγος ἄλγει π. E.Alc. 1039;ἐπὶ τοῖς πάλαι κακοὶς π. πῆμα Id.Heracl. 483
;κέρδος πρὸς ἔργῳ Id.Rh. 162
;π. τῇ πόλει ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ὥσπερ ἵππῳ Pl.Ap. 30e
; ἐχθρὰ δὲ τῷ θανόντι προσκείσει thou wilt be for ever hated by.., S.Ant.94;ταῦτα προσκείσθω τοῖς εἰρημένοις Isoc.15.196
: abs.,ἡ χάρις προσκείσεται S.OT 232
; ; αἱ γραφαὶ (of νώ)οὐκ ἔχουσι τὸ ῑ προσκείμενον A.D.Pron.86.12
; τὰ ἀντίγραφα οὐκ ἔχει προσκείμενον τῷ φρενιτικοί τὸ εἰσίν" Gal.16.491, cf. 840.3 Arith. and Geom., to be added, opp. ἀφῃρῆσθαι, Arist.EN 1132b7, cf. 1138a19, PCair.Zen.707.3, 709.7 (iii B.C.); προσκείσθω ποτί .. Archim.Spir.10; also κοινὸς -κείσθω λόγος let the ratio be multiplied into both, Papp.66.28.4 in Logic, to be added as a determinant (v.πρόσθεσις 111.2
),τὸ προσκείμενον Arist.Int. 21a21
; τοῖς ὅροις, ἄλλῳ π., Id.APr. 30a1, Metaph. 1029b31; so later, to be specified or given in a document, ὁ αὐτὸς χρόνος π. BGU 388 ii 37 (ii A.D.), cf. PRyl.421.36 (iii A.D.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόσκειμαι
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6 ἄφενος
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: m. (after πλοῦτος, Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).Compounds: εὐηφενής (Il.; the better attested v. l. εὐηγενής is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμ-αφένης.Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) ἀφνειός (Il.), later ἀφνεός `rich' (Il.). From here retrograde ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219).Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. ápnas- n. `possessions, riches' (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. ὄμπνη; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as * apsnos). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. happina(nt)- `rich', is remarkable. The postulated verb hap-(zi) is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's h₁op- is impossible ( h₁- disappears in Hittite); but Lat. opulentus \< * op-en-ent- is improbable: - ulentus is a frequent suffix in Latin, and - ant is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of - ulentus (I also doubt the dissmilation n - nt, with t after the second n; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the - en- has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after op-; thus the connection of opulentus with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from *n̥-gʷʰn-o-, parallel to - io- in Skt. ághnyā- `(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed'. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from *n̥gʷʰn-es-o- \> ἀφνεό-, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after σθένος, which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic εὐηφενής). For Greek a root * h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form ἀφνεός may be explained following Balles: *h₂bʰnes-ó-, with ablaut as in ἄλγος - ἀλεγεινός (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as *ἀφνεοιο is impossible in the hexameter and *ἀφνεος, -ν etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading *ḫpina- is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have κ-, the φ would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.Page in Frisk: 1,195Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄφενος
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7 ἀρχή
ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)① the commencement of someth. as an action, process, or state of being, beginning, i.e. a point of time at the beginning of a duration.ⓐ gener. (opp. τέλος; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1 ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους; Ael. Aristid. 30, 24 K.=10 p. 123 D.: ἐξ ἀ. εἰς τέλος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9, §36; Wsd 7:18) B 1:6; IEph 14:1; IMg 13:1; IRo 1:2, cp. vs. 1. W. gen. foll. (OGI 458, 10 life) ἡμέρας ὀγδόης B 15:8; ἡμερῶν (2 Km 14:26) Hb 7:3; τῶν σημείων first of the signs J 2:11 (ἀ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου δόγματος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20; cp. Isocr., Paneg. 10:38 Blass ἀλλʼ ἀρχὴν μὲν ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τ. εὐεργεσιῶν, τροφὴν τοῖς δεομένοις εὑρεῖν=but [Athens] made this the starting point of her benefactions: to provide basic needs for livelihood; Pr 8:22; Jos., Ant. 8, 229 ἀ. κακῶν); ὠδίνων Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8; κακῶν ISm 7:2. As the beginning, i.e. initial account, in a book (Ion of Chios [V B.C.] 392 Fgm. 24 Jac. [=Leurini no. 114] ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου; Polystrat. p. 28; Diod S 17, 1, 1 ἡ βύβλος τὴν ἀ. ἔσχε ἀπὸ …; Ael. Aristid. 23, 2 K.=42 p. 768 D.: ἐπʼ ἀρχῇ τοῦ συγγράμματος; Diog. L. 3, 37 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς Πολιτείας; cp. Sb 7696, 53; 58 [250 A.D.]) ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰ. Χ. Beginning of the gospel of J. C. Mk 1:1 (cp. Hos 1:2 ἀ. λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ὡσηέ; s. RHarris, Exp. 8th ser., 1919, 113–19; 1920, 142–50; 334–50; FDaubanton, NThSt 2, 1919, 168–70; AvanVeldhuizen, ibid., 171–75; EEidem, Ingressen til Mkevangeliet: FBuhl Festschr. 1925, 35–49; NFreese, StKr 104, ’32, 429–38; AWikgren, JBL 61, ’42, 11–20 [ἀρχή=summary]; LKeck, NTS 12, ’65/66, 352–70). ἀ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως original commitment Hb 3:14. ἀρχὴν ἔχειν w. gen. of the inf. begin to be someth. IEph 3:1. ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν begin (Polyb.; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Diog. L., Prooem. 3, 4; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Philo, Mos. 1, 81) λαλεῖσθαι to be proclaimed at first Hb 2:3; cp. IEph 19:3.—W. prep. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς from the beginning (Paus. 3, 18, 2; SIG 741, 20; UPZ 160, 15 [119 B.C.]; BGU 1141, 44; JosAs 23:4; Jos., Ant. 8, 350; 9, 30) J 6:64 v.l.; 15:27; 1J 2:7, 24; 3:11; 2J 5f; Ac 26:4; MPol 17:1; Hs 9, 11, 9; Dg 12:3. οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. αὐτόπται those who fr. the beginning were eyewitnesses Lk 1:2. Also ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Diod. Sic. 18, 41, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 [189]; SIG 547, 9; 634, 4; UPZ 185 II 5; PGen 7, 8; BGU 1118, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 358) J 6:64; 16:4; 1 Cl 19:2; Pol 7:2; Dg 2:1. πάλιν ἐξ ἀ. (Ael. Aristid. 21, 10 K.=22 p. 443 D.; SIG 972, 174) again fr. the beginning (=afresh, anew; a common expr., Renehan ’75, 42) B 16:8. ἐν ἀρχῇ (Diod S 19, 110, 5; Palaeph. p. 2, 3; OGI 56, 57; PPetr II, 37, 2b verso, 4; PTebt 762, 9; POxy 1151, 15; BGU 954, 26; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 4 Sch.]) at the beginning, at first Ac 11:15; AcPlCor 2:4. ἐν ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου when the gospel was first preached Phil 4:15; sim., word for word, w. ref. to beg. of 1 Cor: 1 Cl 47:2.—τὴν ἀ. J 8:25, as nearly all the Gk. fathers understood it, is emphatically used adverbially=ὅλως at all (Plut., Mor. 115b; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 12; 14 [31], 5; 133; Lucian, Eunuch. 6 al.; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 3; POxy 472, 17 [c. 130 A.D.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 121; Jos., Ant. 1, 100; 15, 235 al.; as a rule in neg. clauses, but the negation can inhere in the sense: 48th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 356, 17]; Philo, Abrah. 116, Decal. 89; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 6, 11; without art. ApcSed 10:3; cp. Hs 2:5 cj. by W., endorsed by Joly; s. Field, Notes, 93f) τὴν ἀ. ὅτι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν (how is it) that I even speak to you at all? But s. B-D-F §300, 2. More prob. the mng. is somewhat as follows: What I said to you from the first (so NT in Basic English; sim. REB et al.; cp. τὴν ἀρχήν ‘at the beginning’ Thu 2, 74, 2; s. also RFunk, HTR 51, ’58, 95–100; B-D-F §300, 2, but appeal to P66 is specious, s. EMiller, TZ 36, ’80, 261).ⓑ beginning, origin in the abs. sense (ἀ. τῆς τῶν πάντων ὑποστάσεως Orig. C. Cels. 6, 65, 4) ἀ. πάντων χαλεπῶν Pol 4:1; ἀ. κακῶν ISm 7:2 (cp. 1 Ti 6:10, which has ῥίζα for ἀ., and s. e.g. Ps 110:10; Sir 10:13); ἀ. κόσμου B 15:8; ἀ. πάντων PtK 2, p. 13, 21. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς fr. the very beginning (Is 43:13; Wsd 9:8; 12:11; Sir 24:9 al.; PsSol 8:31; GrBar 17:2) Mt 19:4, 8; J 8:44; 1J 1:1 (of the Hist. beg. of Christianity: HWendt, D. Johannesbriefe u. d. joh. Christent. 1925, 31f; HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.; difft. HConzelmann, RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 194–201); 3:8; 2 Th 2:13; ὁ ἀπʼ ἀ. 1J 2:13f; Dg 11:4; οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. those at the very beginning, the first people 12:3; τὰ ἀπʼ ἀ. γενόμενα 1 Cl 31:1; ἀπʼ ἀ. κτίσεως Mk 10:6; 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4 (on ἀ. κτίσεως cp. En 15:9); ἀπʼ ἀ. κόσμου Mt 24:21. Also ἐξ ἀ. (X., Mem. 1, 4, 5; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D. [of the existence of Zeus]; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]; B 4 p. 109, 7 [St. p. 66]; Ath., R. 16, p. 67, 18; Philo, Aet. M. 42, Spec. Leg. 1, 300; Did., Gen. 50, 1) Dg 8:11; ἐν ἀ. in the beginning (Simplicius in Epict. p. 104, 2; Did., Gen. 29, 25 al.) J 1:1f; ἐν ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως B 15:3. κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beg. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; cp. Hdt. 3, 153 et al.; Diod S; Plut.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 92, Det. Pot. Insid. 118; Ps 118:152; Just., D. 2, 3).② one with whom a process begins, beginning fig., of pers. (Gen 49:3 Ῥουβὴν σὺ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου; Dt 21:17): of Christ Col 1:18. W. τέλος of God or Christ Rv 1:8 v.l.; 21:6; 22:13 (Hymn to Selene 35 ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ: Orphica p. 294, likew. PGM 4, 2836; 13, 362; 687; Philo, Plant. 93; Jos., Ant. 8, 280; others in Rtzst., Poim. 270ff and cp. SIG 1125, 7–11 Αἰών, … ἀρχὴν μεσότητα τέλος οὐκ ἔχων, expressed from the perspective of historical beginning).③ the first cause, the beginning (philos. t.t. ODittrich, D. Systeme d. Moral I 1923, 360a, 369a;—Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190 God as ἀρχὴ κ. μέσα κ. τέλος τῶν πάντων [contrast SIG 1125, 10f]) of Christ ἡ ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως Rv 3:14; but the mng. beginning=‘first created’ is linguistically probable (s. above 1b and Job 40:19; also CBurney, Christ as the Ἀρχή of Creation: JTS 27, 1926, 160–77). [ὁ γὰ]ρ π̣̄ρ̣̄ (=πατὴρ) [ἀρ]|χή ἐ[ς]τ̣[ιν τῶν μ]ελλόν|των for the Father is the source of all who are to come into being in contrast to the προπάτωρ, who is without a beginning Ox 1081, 38f (SJCh 91, 1 ἀρχή; on the context, s. WTill, TU 60/5, ’55 p. 57).④ a point at which two surfaces or lines meet, corner (from the perspective of an observer the object appears to begin at that point), pl. corners of a sheet Ac 10:11; 11:5 (cp. Hdt. 4, 60; Diod S 1, 35, 10).⑤ a basis for further understanding, beginning τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀ. elementary principles Hb 5:12 (perh. w. an element of gentle satire: ‘the discrete items or ABC’s that compose the very beginning [of divine instructions]’; cp. MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45, esp. 239f). ὁ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ Χ. λόγος elementary Christian teaching 6:1.⑥ an authority figure who initiates activity or process, ruler, authority (Aeschyl., Thu. et al.; ins; pap, e.g. PHal 1, 226 μαρτυρείτω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Gen 40:13, 21; 41:13; 2 Macc 4:10, 50 al., s. Magie 26; so as a loanw. in rabb. ἀ. = νόμιμος ἐπιστασία Did., Gen. 60, 9) w. ἐξουσία Lk 20:20; pl. (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 26 ἀρχαὶ κ. ἐξουσίαι; 4 Macc 8:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 220) Lk 12:11; Tit 3:1; MPol 10:2 (αἱ ἀρχαί can also be the officials as persons, as those who took part in the funeral procession of Sulla: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 106 §497.—The same mng. 2, 106 §442; 2, 118 §498 al. Likewise Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 2, 31).—Also of angelic or transcendent powers, since they were thought of as having a political organization (Damascius, Princ. 96 R.) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15; AcPl Ha 1, 7. Cp. TestJob 49, 2; Just., D. 120, 6 end.⑦ the sphere of one’s official activity, rule, office (Diod S 3, 53, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §57; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177, Ant. 19, 273), or better domain, sphere of influence (Diod S 17, 24, 2; Appian, Syr. 23 §111; Arrian, Anab. 6, 29, 1; Polyaen. 8:55; Procop. Soph., Ep. 139) of angels Jd 6. Papias (4 v.l. for ἄρχω).—S. the lit. on ἄγγελος and HSchlier, Mächte u. Gewalten im NT: ThBl 9, 1930, 289–97.—144–50 (‘Archai’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω D. M-M. TW. Sv.
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